{"title":"Leafminers","description":"\u003ch2\u003eHow to know it's leafminers\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePale winding tunnels traced through the leaf tissue, widening as they go. Sometimes a blotch rather than a trail. The tunnel is a record of one larva eating its way between the upper and lower leaf surfaces — which means the pest is sealed inside the leaf, protected from anything applied to the outside of it.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe adults are small dark flies. The females also puncture leaves to feed, leaving neat rows of pale stipples that are often the first sign, before any mine appears.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhat eats them\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiglyphus isaea\u003c\/strong\u003e is a parasitoid wasp that solves the sealed-inside problem directly. The female locates a larva through the leaf, paralyses it inside its own mine, and lays an egg beside it. Her larva then feeds on the paralysed leafminer and pupates in the mine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt's stingless, it's about two millimetres long, and it is one of the few things that reaches a pest a systemic can only get to slowly and a contact spray can't get to at all.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhat to expect\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExisting mines stay in the leaf permanently — the tissue is gone. Success looks like no \u003cem\u003enew\u003c\/em\u003e mines appearing over the following weeks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHang \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/supplies-monitoring\"\u003eyellow sticky traps\u003c\/a\u003e to track adult leafminer flies, but keep them away from where you release the wasps, since the traps don't discriminate. Release early: Diglyphus works best against a population that's starting, not one that's peaked.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"biological-leafminer-control-diglyphus-isaea","title":"Diglyphus isaea","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiglyphus isaea\u003c\/b\u003e is a highly effective parasitic wasp and the premier biological solution for controlling \u003cb\u003eLeafminers\u003c\/b\u003e (\u003ci\u003eLiriomyza\u003c\/i\u003e spp.). Unlike other predators that hunt on the leaf surface, \u003ci\u003eDiglyphus\u003c\/i\u003e is a specialized ectoparasitoid that locates leafminer larvae hidden inside the leaf tissue. The adult female stings and paralyzes the leafminer before laying an egg next to it, providing an immediate stop to leaf damage. This is a crucial tool for aroid collectors and commercial growers looking to preserve the aesthetic integrity of high-value foliage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eField Notes — \u003cem\u003eDiglyphus isaea\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"ltr\" class=\"overflow-x-auto w-full px-2 mb-6 print:overflow-x-visible\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"min-w-full border-collapse text-sm leading-[1.7] whitespace-normal\"\u003e\n\u003cthead class=\"text-left\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.6)] py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" class=\"text-text-100 border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.6)] py-2 pr-4 align-top font-bold\"\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiglyphus isaea\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommon name\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLeafminer parasitoid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eParasitic wasp — ectoparasitoid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShips as\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eAdults\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSold by\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eCount\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e2–3mm. Small black wasp. Does not sting people\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHunts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eLeafminer larvae inside the mine — \u003cem\u003eLiriomyza\u003c\/em\u003e species primarily (\u003cem\u003eL. trifolii\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eL. huidobrensis\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eL. bryoniae\u003c\/em\u003e), also \u003cem\u003eChromatomyia\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow it works\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eFemale stings and paralyzes the larva inside the mine, then lays an egg beside it. Her offspring feeds externally on the paralyzed larva and pupates in the mine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso kills by\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eHost feeding. Females puncture and feed on larvae they don't parasitize — this accounts for a meaningful share of the total kill\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEats opportunistically\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eNothing else. No alternate prey, no pollen diet\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWon't touch\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eThrips, aphids, mites, whitefly, fungus gnats, adult leafminer flies, eggs, or mines the larva has already left\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget stage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eSecond and third instar leafminer larvae. Early mines are too small; vacated mines are too late\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimal temp\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e68–86°F (20–30°C). Slows markedly below 60°F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHumidity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e50–70% RH. No high-humidity requirement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLight\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eNeeds daylight to search and fly. Won't work in a dark room\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEgg to adult\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eRoughly 2 weeks at 77°F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdult lifespan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e2–3 weeks with a nectar or honey source; considerably less without\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEstablishes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eYes, while leafminer hosts are present. The population collapses when they run out\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeploy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eImmediately on arrival. Open the container in the canopy and let them walk or fly out\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelease timing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eMorning, in daylight. Repeat weekly while mines are active\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRefrigerate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompatible with\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePredatory mites, \u003cem\u003eStratiolaelaps scimitus\u003c\/em\u003e, beneficial nematodes, lacewings, ladybugs, springtails\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKeep separate from\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eBroad-spectrum and systemic insecticides — systemics move into the mine and kill the developing parasitoid. Yellow sticky cards will catch adults; pull them at release\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical interval\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003eOne day after neem oil or insecticidal soap. Never with sulfur, at any dilution\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSafe around\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"border-b-0.5 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.3)] py-2 pr-4 align-top\"\u003ePets, children, plants\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"FGMN Nursery","offers":[{"title":"X-Small — 10 Diglyphus (Hot Spot — 2 Plants)","offer_id":48806794199282,"sku":"DIGL-10","price":80.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Small — 40 Diglyphus (10 Plants)","offer_id":48806794232050,"sku":"DIGL-40","price":87.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Medium — 100 Diglyphus (25 Plants)","offer_id":48806794264818,"sku":"DIGL-100","price":118.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Large — 200 Diglyphus (50 Plants)","offer_id":48806794297586,"sku":"DIGL-200","price":195.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"X-Large — 300 Diglyphus (75 Plants)","offer_id":48806794330354,"sku":"DIGL-300","price":270.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2X-Large — 400 Diglyphus (100 Plants)","offer_id":48806794363122,"sku":"DIGL-400","price":347.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0712\/8275\/3778\/files\/Diglyphusbestleafminertreatment.png?v=1772368445"}],"url":"https:\/\/fgmnnursery.com\/collections\/leafminers.oembed","provider":"FGMN Nursery","version":"1.0","type":"link"}